Fibromyalgia or fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic condition of unknown origin that is characterized by generalized musculoskeletal pain and a painful sensation when pressure is applied to specific points. In many cases, it is also associated with other ailments such as restless sleep, difficulty concentrating, digestive problems, and mood disorders.
This disease has become increasingly common, affecting between 2% and 6% of the population, predominantly women.
The main symptom of fibromyalgia is pain, which seems disproportionate to the stimulus that causes it (hyperalgesia), that is, a hypersensitivity begins in which stimuli that normally do not cause pain begin to hurt. Pain often varies in relation to the time of day, the level of activity, climate changes, lack of sleep, and/or the patient’s stress.
Although the cause of this disorder is unknown – it usually develops without any apparent cause – it has been possible to relate the onset of this pathology to bacterial or viral infection processes, certain accidents or after the development of diseases that compromise the quality of life, such as, for example, rheumatoid arthritis or lupus erythematosus.
The diagnosis of fibromyalgia is one of exclusion, meaning that other pathologies that may cause similar symptoms must be ruled out. It is essential to be sure of the absence of other diseases with specific treatments as the origin of the pain. In addition to the patient’s clinical history, a physical examination, complementary tests and support questionnaires are necessary.
The treatment of FMS is mainly symptomatic, the main objective being to improve the pain and treat the accompanying symptoms. It is important to know the factors that trigger the flare-ups, treat the associated psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression, and promote gentle physical exercise on a daily basis.
Taking care of the sleep cycle and diet have also been shown to be effective against flare-ups of this syndrome, as well as improving the patient’s quality of life, regulating stress and promoting healthy habits.
